Optimizing Outcomes in Neonatal Cardiac Surgery

In the past, many children born with complex congenital heart defects (CHDs) underwent palliative procedures to avoid the use of cardiopulmonary bypass, which typically is required for prolonged corrective procedures. The risk of mortality was prohibitive, especially in newborns; therefore, efforts were directed toward palliative procedures until the children grew big enough for a definitive repair. These children often were left with abnormal hemodynamics until the final complete repair at a later age.